Copyright+Information+for+Teachers

Because teachers and educational administrators alike across Canada are subject to copyright law in terms of how copyrighted materials are used; these materials include but are not limited to, printed materials, video and audio materials, digital content, etc. that will be used for classroom purposes.
 * As a teacher, why should I care about Copyright Law in Canada? ** [[image:imagesCAV15XN6.jpg width="74" height="74" link="Copyright Resources"]]

**What are my __“user rights”__ as a public school teacher under Canadian copyright law?**

**Copyright law covers seven broad categories:** There are 3 primary mechanisms that allow educators to use of certain copyrighted materials without infringing Canadian Copyright Law: 1. the [|Canada Copyright Act]; 2. the institution’s [|Access Copyright License];  and 3 . “Fair Dealing".
 * 1) literary works - both fiction and nonfiction, including books, periodicals, manuscripts, computer programs, manuals, phonorecords, film, audiotapes, and computer disks
 * 2) musical works -- and accompanying words -- songs, operas, and musical plays
 * 3) dramatic works -- including music - plays and dramatic readings
 * 4) pantomimed and choreographed works
 * 5) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">pictorial, graphics, and sculptural works -- final and applied arts, photographs, prints and art reproductions, maps, globes, charts, technical drawings, diagrams, and models
 * 6) <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">motion pictures and audiovisual works <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">- slide/tape, multimedia presentations, filmstrips, films, and videos
 * 7) <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">sound recordings and records <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">- tapes, cassettes, and computer disks ([|Talab], 1986, p. 6).

**<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">1. Canada Copyright Act: ** <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Under the Canada Copyright Act, teachers may do any one of the following so long as they are done so for the purposes of education / training, and, are done so on the school premises:
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in;">to make a manual reproduction of a work onto a dry-erase board, flip chart, or other similar surface intended for displaying handwritten material
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in;">to make a copy of a work for the purpose of projection using an overhead projector or a similar device such as a LCD, overhead, opaque, or slide projector, provided the work is used for the purpose of education and training and is not already available in a commercial format
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in;">to reproduce, translate, or perform in public on the premises a work or other subject matter as required for a test or examination **(not applicable if the work is commercially available in another medium appropriate for the purpose)**
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in;">to communicate by telecommunication a work or other subject matter as required for a test or examination **(not applicable if the work is commercially available in another medium appropriate for the purpose)**
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in;">to perform a work, required for a test or examination, in public by a group consisting primarily of students on the premises **(the audience must consist primarily of students, teachers, or other people directly responsible for setting the curriculum)**
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in;">to play a sound recording of a work required for a test or examination **(the audience must consist primarily of students, teachers, or other people directly responsible for setting the curriculum)**
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in;">to play a broadcast, required for a test or examination, at the time of its communication to the public **(the audience must consist primarily of students, teachers, or other people directly responsible for setting the curriculum)**
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in;">to make a single copy of a news program or a news commentary program, excluding documentaries, for the purpose of playing the copy for students **(the institution, however, must either destroy the copy or pay the applicable royalties within a year of making the copy)**
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in;">to make a single copy of a non-news program to decide whether to perform the copy for educational or training purposes **(recording can only be kept for 30 days before royalties are payable; records must be kept)**
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in;">to play a copy of a news or non-news program **(must be played for education or training purposes, on the premises, to an audience consisting primarily of students, if the institution pays royalties; records must be kept)**
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in;">to copy and perform extracts from a work procted by copyright, unless the part of that work is deemed highly significant and/or valuable **(courts make the final determination)**
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in;">to copy or perform works whose author(s) died more than 50 years ago **(though the use of translations or annotations of such works is not permitted)**
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in;">to copy the text of Federal and Ontario statutes, regulations, and court decisions without permission
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in;">to copy and perform extracts from a work protected by copyright, unless the part is considered “highly significant” or “valuable” **(the courts would make the final determination)**


 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">2. Access Copyright License **

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">An “Access Copyright License”, which is purchased by an educational institution or elementary and secondary school system, is a license that provides permission to educational institutions to make photocopies of printed materials.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">The Access Copyright license, teachers may make hard copies, for school purposes, of <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">The 10 % rule may be exceeded in the following instances: <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">At this time, Access Copyright licenses do not cover government publications; published work cards; assignment sheets; tests; examination papers available for purchase; printed materials designed for one-time use (i.e. workbooks and activity books); instruction manuals; teachers’ guides; sheet music; and copying by means of recording devices.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in;">excerpts of up to 10 % of books, journals, magazines and newspapers
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in;">an entire chapter of a book comprises 20% or less of a book
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in;">an entire article or page from a newspaper, magazine or journal
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in;">an entire short story, play, essay or poem from a book, periodical, or anthology
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in;">an entire entry from a reference work
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in;">an entire reporduction of an artistic work from a publication
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in;">large-print material to accommodate the perceptually disabled, published in Canada
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in;">in some cases, as specified in the licence, out-of-print books


 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">3. Fair Dealing **

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">"Fair Dealing is the right, within limits, to reproduce a substantial amount of a copyrighted work without permission from, or payment to, the copyright owner. The Copyright Act does not contain a simple formula that sets out exactly what may or may not be copied without permission or payment. Rather, fair dealing requires the exercise of judgement." ([|CAUT Intellectual Property Advisory], December 2008)

<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">The Canadian Copyright Act clearly states that **fair dealing** for the purpose of **research** or **private study** does not infringe copyright. Fair dealing for the purpose of **criticism**, **review** or **news reporting** does not infringe copyright as long as attribution is provided. <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Under the “Fair Dealing” clause in the Canada Copyright Act, a teacher may: <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in;">make a single copy of works, such as articles or photographs, protected by copyright for private study, research, criticism, review, or news reporting under the sections of the Copyright Act that allow such uses of copyright material – referred to as fair dealing

<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">The issues to consider when determining if your copying is fair dealing include: <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">**What is an Educational Exception?** <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Persons acting under the authority of an educational institution may do the following on the premises* of an educational institution for an audience made up primarily of students and for the purposes of education or training: <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Are there any other mechanisms out there that would allow me as a public school teacher to make use of materials without infringing on Canadian copyright law? <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Yes. There are three other mechanisms that would allow educators to make use of materials without infringing on Canadian copyright law: public domain; creative commons; permissions from the author.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in;">The purpose of the copying
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list 1.0in;">Was the copying for research, private study, criticism, review, or news reporting?
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in;">The character of the copying
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list 1.0in;">What did the user do with the work?
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list 1.0in;">Was this a one-time use or repeated use of the work?
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list 1.0in;">Was the work widely distributed?
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in;">The amount of the copying
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list 1.0in;">How much of the work was copied?
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in;">What was the importance of the copied work?
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list 1.0in;">Alternatives to copying
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list 1.0in;">Was it necessary to use this specific work?
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list 1.0in;">Was a “non copyrighted equivalent” available?
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in;">The nature of the work
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list 1.0in;">Was the work confidential?
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list 1.0in;">Is there a public benefit in its distribution?
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in;">The effect of the copying
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list 1.0in;">Did the use compete with the market of the original work?
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in;">make a copy of a work and project an image of that copy with an overhead projector or similar device
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in;">reproduce a work and communicate it by telecommunication as required for a test or examination
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in;">have students perform a dramatic or musical work
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in;">play a sound recording
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in;">copy a news program (excluding documentaries) at the time of broadcast and show it to a class
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in;">The //Copyright Act// defines **//premises//** as "a place where education or training…is provided, controlled or supervised by the educational institution."

**<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Public Domain ** <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Teachers are allowed to copy or perform works whose author(s) died more than 50 years ago, unless the work is a translation or an annotation. <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">There are a number of sites that allow teachers and users to access digitized copies of works that are now considered part of the public domain. These include:

**<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Creative Commons ** <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Creative commons is a body of work that is available to the public for free and legal sharing, use, repurposing, and remixing (i.e. open access journals; certain lesson planning and activity file sites; etc.). <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">//Please note: there are different kinds of creative commons licenses and they may differ from organization to organization. For more information on the different kinds of creative commons licenses out there, visit// []

<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">**Permission from the Author** <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">An educator may also use any work protected by copyright with permission of the copyright owner, including works that already come with the author(s)’s permission to copy (i.e. blackline masters, other reproducibles).

**<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">And what about sites on the internet and other digital content? ** <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">You will need to locate the “Copyright Statement” on the website in order to determine the rules and restrictions regarding the use of the content on the website. If there is no copyright statement on the site, you will need to obtain permission from the creator of the site to use the content.

**<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Where else can I find information on Canadian copyright and how it applies to teachers? ** <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">The following websites contain information on Canadian copyright and how it applies to teachers in the public school boards across Canada.

<span style="color: blue; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">[|Access Copyright Canada]

<span style="color: blue; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">[|Canada Copyright Act]

<span style="color: blue; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">[|Canadian Copyright for Teachers]

<span style="color: blue; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">[|Council of Ministers of Education Canada]

<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Be sure to read the document “Copyright matters: ﻿ []

<span style="color: blue; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">[|Educational Rights Collective of Canada]

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Internal link to page on Video References. <span style="color: blue; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Video References